Well, can tell you what works for me, most people don't like my method, but it has been the only thing that ever worked for me. And that is, give your cat a bedroom to be in during the day, with a cat tree and a window to look out, and put their behinds in their room when you are not there to supervise them. You HAVE to catch them in the act. And when you do, you give them a loud, sharp NO, along with a loud clap of your hands, maybe a spray of water with a water bottle. They key is, you HAVE to catch them in the act and start using NO, and the water probably, for now. Eventually, no becomes enough, but in the beginning, you probably need the water bottle.
When I cannot be around to supervise, if I'm going to be gone from the house, they are in their room. If you work during the day, they will not die. They will sleep almost the entire day anyway, so let them sleep on their nice cat tree, lazily lounging by the window. My cats usually have a routine to when they are going to scratch, and for one, it is right when I let him out of his room in the morning (my two boy cats sleep in a bedroom at night), he goes right to the rug in the hallway to scratch, which I have a cardboard horitontal (cheap) scratcher, and he scratches right then. Anther one of my cats scratches after he eats and uses the litter box. It's funny how they have a routine about even little things like this, but they do. So when they were little, I would pay attention to when they would do the routine scratching thing, catch them in the act, and they learned pretty quickly. Now that they are older, I do not have to put them up if I'm going out of the house for a while, but when they were little and destructive, this is what I did. If I could not watch them, I put them up in their room. This has always worked for me.