Update:
Cost
I talked to 6 clinics/hospitals in the area, and it looks like $500 is the minimum cost no matter what. While the base price (which includes cleaning, scaling, anasthesea, IV fluids) can be as low as $300, you add pre-anasthetic bloodwork and X-ray, each costing $60-100, and perhaps some meds to go home with, and you're easily at $500. Also if you're not doing it at your regular vet you need a preliminary exam for another $50-60. Extractions add between $15 and $120 per tooth.
A few of the well-regardless places completely refused to give any pricing without an exam. I understand now how pricing the procedure is fairly complex, has many components and why it can vary and cause frustration. (One Yelp reviewer gave a low rating because her cost was double the estimate, but admitted her dog needed 11 extractions (which makes you wonder if she could've noticed the situation sooner for the dog's sake)). The solution is to educate the consumer, though, not hide information.
Practices
Most places have technicians do the procedure, the minority have vets doing it. Sometime the vet handles the anesthesia and supervises, sometimes it's 2 technicians, but if extractions are needed the vet always does them. It's hard to get precise answers, but it seems that in most places the 2nd tech/vet who administers the anesthesia is not present 100% of the time for the duration of the procedure. Many do it at a central treatment room so the 2nd tech is right there but their presence is shared between more than one pet.
Everyone I talked to said they use EKG for monitoring, and use digital X-Rays and not older film radiography. Hopefully that indicates usage of modern equipment.
If your pet needs extended recovery and an overnight stay due to complications, none of the places are staffed for that and would refer you to an emergency center (which may or may not be next door). Admittedly (and thankfully) this is rarely needed.
One tip I learned is to ask if they do bloodwork in-house or ship it out, to understand how comprehensive and serious the clinic is. OTOH at the place that gave me the best impression, the vet said they can do in-house but she prefers to send it out because she can get a bit more information.
Last, as with human healthcare, you can't just shop for it as you would on Amazon. We're already on our 4th vet in 2 years (1st was next to the adoption center for free treatment of a preexisting condition, 3rd because we moved, 4th because we weren't happy), plus a specialist, so there's this growing paper trail that needs to be transferred every time. You end up spending extra on new-patient exams and similar tests, or risk details getting lost between practices. And unnecessary vet trips aren't helping the cat's well-being either. So if your current vet is good (short of stellar) and somewhat pricey, there's still a strong incentive to give up and just stick with them.